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1.
Rev. argent. cir. plást ; 27(2): 60-66, 20210000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1357632

ABSTRACT

La ubicación habitual de los marcapasos y cardiodesfibriladores implantables (CDI) es en el plano subcutáneo subclavicular. Este bolsillo, de fácil realización, no está exento de complicaciones propias (necrosis de piel, seromas, síndrome de Twiddler) así como también provocar un defecto estético al visualizarse el aparato bajo la piel. Estas complicaciones son mayores en pacientes delgadas y con actividad deportiva debido a la exposición traumática. Con el objeto de evitar los factores mencionados anteriormente, así como para mejorar el aspecto cosmético, mostramos nuestra experiencia en la ubicación en un plano más profundo, submuscular (entre m. pectoralis major y m. pectoralis minor, T.A.). Creemos que esta ubicación es de elección en pacientes muy delgadas, deportistas, con riesgo de traumatismo en la zona y en todos aquellos donde ha fallado la ubicación subcutánea.


The pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) location is in the subcutaneous plane, subclavicular zone. This pocket, easy to perform, is not free of complications (skin necrosis, seroma, Twiddler syndrome) as well as an aesthetic defect due to the device being observed under the skin. These complications are higher in thin and sportive patients. In order to avoid the above factors as well as to improve the cosmetic appearance, our experience shows better results on a deeper level, submuscular (between m. pectoralis major and m. pectoralis minor, T.A.). We believe that this location is preferable in very thin patients and athletes because it avoids the risk of trauma to the area. Also,we advise this plane in particular cases which failed subcutaneous locations


Subject(s)
Humans , Pacemaker, Artificial , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Dissection
2.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 34(3): 315-323, jul.-sep. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1047145

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As cirurgias de aumento de mamas com implantes de silicone estão entre os procedimentos de cirurgia plástica mais realizados. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar os casos de pacientes com prótese de silicone, submetidas à mamoplastia secundária, apresentando uma alternativa de abordagem com ressecção em monobloco do tecido mamário, cápsula fibrosa e prótese de silicone; e o neoposicionamento do implante em loja retromuscular peitoral parcial. Métodos: Foram analisados 24 casos de mamoplastia secundária com neoposicionamento da prótese, apresentando os motivos da indicação da cirurgia e o detalhamento da abordagem cirúrgica para maior facilidade na execução do procedimento e a obtenção de resultados mais satisfatórios. Resultados: Todos os casos operados apresentavam alterações no exame físico das mamas, como: ptose mamária contratura capsular, posicionamento inadequado dos implantes e assimetrias mamárias. Nos casos estudados, as próteses com revestimento de poliuretano e sua completa adesão à cápsula fibrosa permitiram a ressecção mais prática, mesmo com variáveis graus de contratura capsular. As cápsulas fibrosas que envolviam implantes texturizados tinham características mais finas e a instabilidade das próteses, pela presença de seroma residual ou pelo excessivo tamanho da loja da prótese, desencadearam maior dificuldade na ressecção. Conclusão: A realização de mamoplastia secundária com troca de prótese, empregando a ressecção em monobloco e neoposicionamento do implante no espaço retromuscular peitoral parcial com suturas do músculo ao tecido mamário, oferece uma alternativa para otimizar o procedimento, maior estabilidade do músculo até completa cicatrização e a formação de nova cápsula fibrosa.


Introduction: Breast augmentation with silicone implants is one of the most common plastic surgery procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate patients with previous silicone implantations undergoing secondary mammaplasty, presenting an alternative approach with en block resection of breast tissue, fibrous capsule, and silicone implant, followed by implant repositioning in the partial retropectoral pocket. Methods: This study included 24 cases of secondary mammaplasty with implant repositioning. It presents the indications for surgery and details the surgical approach for easier procedures and more satisfactory results. Results: All the included cases presented breast changes on physical examination, such as breast ptosis, capsular contracture, improper implant position, and breast asymmetry. In the studied cases, the use of polyurethane-coated implants and their complete adherence to the fibrous capsule resulted in a more practical resection even with varying degrees of capsular contracture. Fibrous capsules of textured implants were thinner, and implant instability due to the presence of residual seroma or pockets bigger than necessary resulted in more difficult resection. Conclusion: Secondary mammaplasty with en bloc resection, along with implant replacement and repositioning in the partial retropectoral pocket with sutures involving muscle and breast tissue is an alternative to optimize the procedure, providing greater muscle stability until complete healing and new fibrous capsule formation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , History, 21st Century , Pectoralis Muscles , Prostheses and Implants , Surgery, Plastic , Breast , Retrospective Studies , Mammaplasty , Breast Implantation , Implant Capsular Contracture , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Surgery, Plastic/adverse effects , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Breast/surgery , Mammaplasty/adverse effects , Mammaplasty/methods , Breast Implantation/methods , Breast Implantation/rehabilitation , Implant Capsular Contracture/surgery
3.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 59(3): 110-116, dic. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1095714

ABSTRACT

La rotura del tendón del pectoral mayor es considerada una lesión infrecuente en lo descrito en la literatura, pero esa lesión ha tenido un aumento exponencial en sus reportes a partir de los años 90. A continuación, presentamos la resolución quirúrgica de una rotura completa del tendón del pectoral mayor mediante una técnica simple y reproducible en un hombre de 34 años, sometido a una alta demanda física diaria. Tenemos ya publicado diferentes técnicas de reparación en periodo agudo como reconstrucción en lesiones crónicas. Nosotros presentamos una técnica de reparación para rotura aguda que consiste en la reinserción mediante anclas de titanio en su huella insercional mediante una configuración de suturas que forma un constructo estable y resistente, que permita al paciente rehabilitarse en forma precoz y satisfactoria para intentar volver al mismo nivel de actividad pre lesional. Con eso, aportamos al especialista una manera sencilla de enfrentarse y planificar la reparación de ese tipo de lesiones infrecuentes que no siempre estamos acostumbrados a resolver.


Pectoralis major tendon rupture is an infrequent injury in what has been described in the literature so far. Lately, an exponential increase in reported cases of this injury has been observed. We present a simple and reproducible surgical technique in a 34 years old male subject to a high daily physical demand. Different techniques have been published for tendon repair during the acute period as well as reconstruction in chronic lesions. We present a technique for acute rupture that consists of the reinsertion by means of titanium anchors in its insertional footprint through a suture configuration that forms a stable and resistant construct, that allows the patient to be rehabilitated in an early and satisfactory manner with the objective to return to the same Level of pre-injury activity. With this we provide the specialist with a simple way to manage the repair of these infrequent injuries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Pectoralis Muscles/injuries , Rupture/surgery , Orthopedic Procedures/methods
4.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 25(3): 105-109, 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-972520

ABSTRACT

La ruptura del tendón del músculo pectoral mayor (TPM) es una lesión poco común que ocurre fundamentalmente en pacientes de sexo masculino que practican deportes de fuerza como rugby o levantamiento de pesas. El beneficio del tratamiento quirúrgico radica en la mejora tanto funcional como estética. Presentamos una serie de cinco casos de pacientes operados por ruptura del TPM. Todos intervenidos en nuestro centro por el mismo equipo quirúrgico con un seguimiento mínimo de doce meses. Presentamos la técnica quirúrgica utilizada y realizamos también una revisión de la literatura. Tipo de estudio: Reporte de caso. Revisión bibliográfica. Nivel de evidencia: IV.


Pectoralis major muscle tendon rupture (PMT), is a rare injury that occurs in patients who practice sports such as rugby or weight lifting. The benefit of surgical treatment relies in better outcomes on muscular function and also cosmetic appearance. We present a series of five cases surgically treated for a PMT rupture. All of them treated in our center by the same surgical team with a minimum follow-up of twelve months. We describe in detail the different steps of the surgical technique and we made a review of the literature. Type of study: Case report. Literature review. Level of evidence: IV.


Subject(s)
Adult , Athletic Injuries/surgery , Pectoralis Muscles/injuries , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Rupture , Shoulder Joint/injuries , Tendon Injuries/surgery , Range of Motion, Articular , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 32(3): 353-360, jul.-set. 2017.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-868241

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O trabalho demonstra uma abordagem alternativa para ampliarmos a escolha do espaço retromuscular e evitarmos os efeitos indesejáveis nas inclusões de próteses mamárias neste plano. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 328 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade entre 17 e 62 anos, com queixa de hipomastia e certo grau de ptose mamária bilateral. Todas as pacientes foram submetidas à inclusão de próteses bilaterais e incisão vertical no músculo peitoral maior. A avaliação foi realizada com um período mínimo de 6 meses. RESULTADOS: A tática cirúrgica de incisão vertical no músculo peitoral maior nos permitiu ampliar a indicação do espaço retromuscular nas cirurgias de inclusão de próteses de mamas, conseguindo alcançar com êxito o posicionamento adequado da prótese e do tecido mamário, evitando cicatrizes adicionais. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica mostrou-se eficaz na sua propositura, evitando cicatrizes e o efeito de dupla-bolha e ampliando a indicação do espaço retromuscular.


INTRODUCTION: This study demonstrates an alternative method to access the retromuscular space and avoid undesirable effects caused by breast implant insertion in this space. METHODS: We evaluated 328 female patients, aged 17 to 62 years, with complaints of micromastia and bilateral ptosis. All patients underwent insertion of bilateral implants using a vertical incision in the pectoralis major. Follow-up was performed for at least 6 months. RESULTS: The technique of vertical incision in the pectoralis major increases the options for access to the retromuscular space in breast implant insertion. This method successfully achieves appropriate positioning of the implant and avoids additional scars. CONCLUSIONS: The technique proved to be effective, avoiding scars and the double-bubble effect, and increases the options for access to the retromuscular space.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Pectoralis Muscles , Prostheses and Implants , Breast , Review , Treatment Outcome , Mammaplasty , Breast Implants , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Pectoralis Muscles/abnormalities , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Pectoralis Muscles/transplantation , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Breast/abnormalities , Breast/surgery , Mammaplasty/adverse effects , Mammaplasty/methods , Breast Implants/adverse effects , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods
6.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 31(4): 496-501, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-827433

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Mammoplasty is one of the most common plastic surgeries in Brazil. Among the surgical techniques described in the literature, the areolar inferior pedicle technique is the most significant because of its versatility, safety, and satisfactory aesthetic results. This study avaluated cases of mammoplasty with the areolar inferior pedicle technique performed by the author, and to propose a small change in the attachment of the pedicle to the pectoralis major muscle. Methods: A total of 74 patients underwent the surgery from June 2007 to December 2014. Results: The average patient age was 35.63 years; the mean body mass index was 25.8; and the mean follow-up duration was 28 months. Complications occurred in 33.76% of the cases, and the average amount of resected tissue was 585 g. The degree of satisfaction was excellent or good in 93% of the cases. The sensitivity of the areolar-papillary complex (APC) was maintained in 72% of left-breast reconstructions and 77% of right-breast reconstructions. Moreover, there was a complete loss of sensitivity in 3% of left-breast cases. Conclusion: The use of mammoplasty with the areolar inferior pedicle was versatile and safe, and produced favorable outcomes. In addition, the sensitivity of the APC was adequately maintained. Further studies might confirm the importance of the change in fixation of the pedicle suggested in this study.


Introdução: A mamoplastia é uma das cirurgias plásticas mais realizadas no Brasil. Dentro do universo de técnicas descritas, destaca-se o pedículo inferior areolado por sua versatilidade, segurança e bons resultados estéticos. O estudo avalia os casos de mamoplastia pela técnica do pedículo inferior areolado realizados pelo autor e apresentar uma pequena modificação na forma de fixação do pedículo ao músculo peitoral maior. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 74 pacientes operadas no período de junho de 2007 a dezembro de 2014. Resultados: A idade média das pacientes foi de 35,63 anos, o índice de massa corporal médio foi 25,8 e o tempo médio de seguimento, de 28 meses. Complicações ocorreram em 33,76% dos casos, a quantidade média de tecido ressecado foi 585 gramas. O grau de satisfação foi ótimo ou bom em 93% dos casos. Houve manutenção da sensibilidade do complexo areolopapilar (CAP) em 72% das mamas à esquerda e 77% à direita. Em 3% das mamas à esquerda houve perda completa da sensibilidade. Conclusão: A mamoplastia pelo pedículo areolado inferior mostrou-se neste estudo versátil, segura e com bons resultados. Além disso, houve boa manutenção da sensibilidade do CAP. Estudos posteriores poderão ratificar a importância da modificação na fixação do pedículo sugerida neste trabalho.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Patients , Pectoralis Muscles , Postoperative Complications , Surgery, Plastic , Breast , Weight Loss , Cosmetic Techniques , Mammaplasty , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Patients/psychology , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Breast/surgery , Cosmetic Techniques/standards , Patient Satisfaction , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Mammaplasty/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods
7.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(4): 533-543, sep.-dec. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1368

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Alguns autores têm divulgado resultados de mamoplastias com cinta muscular do músculo peitoral, utilizando parâmetros subjetivos e sem um grupo de comparação. Em 2011, Swanson propôs um protocolo com parâmetros objetivos e não observador dependentes, baseado em medidas fotográficas padronizadas para avaliação estética das cirurgias mamárias. Com base nestas informações, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da cinta do músculo peitoral maior comparativamente à técnica sem uso de cinta nas mamoplastias, conforme proposto por Swanson. Método: Coorte retrospectiva envolvendo 18 mulheres submetidas à mamoplastia bilateral primária por ptose e/ou hipertrofia mamária operadas consecutivamente por um único cirurgião de março de 2010 a novembro de 2012. As 36 mamas foram divididas em dois grupos (18 mamas no grupo em que a mamoplastia foi confeccionada com cinta muscular e 18 no grupo sem cinta muscular) e avaliadas por estudo fotométrico no pré-operatório e após seis meses da cirurgia. Os resultados de cada mama foram analisados com o uso do programa "SPSS 20 for MAC". Resultados: A evolução percentual da elevação da projeção mamária média, no grupo com cinta foi 15,32 ± 2,41% superior ao grupo sem cinta (p < 0,001, IC95% de 10,41 a 20,22). O mesmo foi observado na projeção do polo superior, que foi 24,2 ± 3,71% maior (p < 0,001, IC95% de 16,65 a 31,82) do que no grupo em que a cinta não foi utilizada. Conclusão: A cinta muscular mostrou-se efetiva para o preenchimento do polo superior da mama e para a manutenção da sua projeção no período de até seis meses após a mamoplastia.


Introduction: Several authors have reported on mammoplasty procedures using a pectoral muscle strap, but evaluated these techniques subjectively without a comparison group. In 2011, Swanson proposed a protocol including objective parameters that was based on standardized photographic measures for the aesthetic assessment of breast surgeries. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the pectoralis major muscle strap compared to a technique that does not use a muscle strap as proposed by Swanson. Method: This retrospective cohort study included 18 women who underwent primary bilateral mammoplasty to correct breast ptosis and/or hypertrophy performed consecutively by a single surgeon between March 2010 and November 2012. Thirty-six breasts were divided in two groups (18 breasts in the group with a muscle strap, Group I; and 18 in the group without a muscle strap, Group II) and the outcome was assessed in a photometric study comparing the preoperative appearance to the 6-month-postoperative appearance. The results of each breast were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Mac software. Results: The average percentage evolution of breast projection elevation in Group I was 15.32 ± 2.41% higher than that in Group II (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.41­20.22). The same result was observed for upper pole projection, which was 24.2 ± 3.71% higher (p < 0.001, 95% CI, 16.65-31.82) in Group I than in Group II. Conclusion: Use of the muscle strap effectively filled the upper pole of the breast and maintained its projection for a post-mammoplasty period up to 6 months.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , History, 21st Century , Pectoralis Muscles , Cohort Studies , Mammaplasty , Breast Implants , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Mammary Glands, Human , Hypertrophy , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Breast , Breast/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Mammaplasty/methods , Breast Implants/standards , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Mammary Glands, Human/surgery , Hypertrophy/surgery
8.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(3): 352-360, 2015. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1095

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A reconstrução mamária desempenha papel importante no tratamento do câncer de mama. Várias opções estão disponíveis para a reconstrução autóloga, sendo as mais difundidas o retalho do reto abdominal (TRAM), o retalho de grande dorsal e retalho muscular local. O trabalho visa demonstrar a experiência inicial na reconstrução mamária com tecido autólogo, acrescido ou não de implante. MÉTODO: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de prontuários de 367 pacientes que foram submetidas à reconstrução mamária imediata e tardia com retalho do reto abdominal (TRAM) unipediculado ou retalho de grande dorsal (GD) ou retalho muscular local (RL). RESULTADOS: Foram reconstruídas 380 mamas. Em 156 pacientes, a técnica foi TRAM; em 179, GD; e, em 49 pacientes, outras técnicas foram empregadas. O tamanho dos implantes variou entre 155 cc e 640 cc. A idade média das pacientes foi de 49,33 anos. 197 pacientes foram operadas do lado direito, 169 do lado esquerdo e em 14 pacientes a reconstrução foi bilateral. A reconstrução foi imediata em 80% das pacientes. Houve poucas complicações moderadas (deiscência parcial da sutura, com necessidade de ressutura) e graves (liponecrose do retalho, extrusão do implante após infecção e tromboembolismo pulmonar) e, ainda, algumas complicações menores que não demandaram correção cirúrgica. CONCLUSÕES: A reconstrução mamária com tecido autólogo fornece ao cirurgião plástico um método consistente e confiável de reconstrução mamária, com resultados estéticos muito satisfatórios e com morbidade pequena para pacientes selecionadas.


INTRODUCTION: Breast reconstruction plays an important role in the treatment of breast cancer. Several options are available for autologous breast reconstruction, the more widespread being the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap, the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LDM) flap, and the local muscle (LM) flap. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the initial experience in breast reconstruction with autologous tissue, with or without implants. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed of medical charts of 367 patients who underwent immediate and delayed breast reconstruction with the unipediculated TRAM flap, LD flap, or LM flap. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty breasts were reconstructed. There were 156 TRAM flap procedures, 179 LD flap procedures, and 49 other techniques. The size of the implants ranged between 155 cc and 640 cc. The mean age of the patients was 49.33 years. One hundred ninety-seven patients underwent surgery on the right side and 169 on the left; 14 patients underwent bilateral reconstruction. Reconstruction was immediate in 80% of the patients. There were few moderate (partial dehiscence of the wound requiring suturing) and severe complications (flap liponecrosis, extrusion of the implant after infection, and pulmonary thromboembolism) and some minor complications that did not require surgical correction. CONCLUSIONS: Breast reconstruction with autologous tissue provides the plastic surgeon with a consistent and reliable method of breast reconstruction, with very satisfactory aesthetic results and low morbidity in selected patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , History, 21st Century , Surgical Flaps , Transplantation, Autologous , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , Medical Records , Retrospective Studies , Mammaplasty , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Evaluation Study , Mammary Glands, Human , Pectoralis Muscles , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Surgical Flaps/surgery , Transplantation, Autologous/methods , Breast/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Medical Records/standards , Mammaplasty/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Mammary Glands, Human/surgery
9.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(3): 455-460, 2015. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Existem inúmeras técnicas de mamoplastia com objetivo de evitar a ptose tardia. Observamos em todas estas técnicas que a forma da mama após a sua báscula permaneceu com perda de preenchimento do seu polo superior. A associação da mamoplastia com o uso do retalho de base torácica associado ao retalho bipediculado de músculo peitoral maior tem sido utilizada devido ao bom resultado que é mantido num pós-operatório tardio. MÉTODO: Foram feitos mais de 4000 procedimentos utilizando a técnica do autor. Foi realizada a marcação de mamoplastia tradicional e confecção de retalho de pedículo inferior conforme descrito por Ribeiro. Divulsiona-se uma faixa do músculo peitoral e realiza-se a passagem completa do retalho torácico através da alça muscular com posterior fixação do retalho à parede torácica. Os retalhos muscular e glandular são envolvidos pelo tecido do polo superior fazendo se a sutura dos pilares laterais. RESULTADOS: Com a utilização da técnica de um retalho torácico, fixado por uma alça de músculo peitoral, obtivemos uma báscula mínima que forneceu um melhor resultado estético a longo prazo. Com esta técnica, o tecido mamário é dividido e reposicionado para o local desejado, mantendo a forma da mama e não dependendo do fechamento dérmico para se obter o contorno final. CONCLUSÃO: Observamos nos casos operados a manutenção do polo superior da mama mesmo tardiamente, redução da tensão sobre a cicatrização com consequente melhora do aspecto, ausência do movimento de báscula (ptose) pós-operatória, sem aumento significativo no tempo cirúrgico.


INTRODUCTION: Several breast augmentation techniques have been developed to avoid late ptosis. However, these techniques result in persistent pendulum and changed shape due to loss of filling in the upper pole. The combination of breast augmentation with a thoracic flap involving a bipedicled flap from the greater pectoral muscle has been used with good results that are maintained in late postoperative periods. METHOD: More than 4,000 procedures were performed using the author's technique. The marking of traditional mammoplasty and construction of the inferior pedicle flap were performed as described by Ribeiro. A pectoral muscle strap was divulsed and the thoracic flap passed through and attached to the chest wall. The muscle and glandular flaps were wrapped by the upper pole tissue and sutured to the lateral breast pillars. RESULTS: Use of the thoracic flap technique fixed by a pectoral muscle strap results in minimum pendulum, which provides better long-term aesthetic results. With this technique, the breast tissue is divided and repositioned in the desired location while maintaining the breast shape rather than depending on the dermal closure to provide the final shape. CONCLUSION: This technique provides long-term preservation of the upper breast pole and reduced scar tension with consequent aspect improvement; it also eliminates post-operative pendulum movement (ptosis) without significantly increasing surgical time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Pectoralis Muscles , Sutures , Breast , Suture Techniques , Mammaplasty , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Evaluation Study , Thoracic Wall , Mammary Glands, Human , Free Tissue Flaps , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Breast/surgery , Suture Techniques/adverse effects , Suture Techniques/standards , Mammaplasty/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Thoracic Wall/surgery , Mammary Glands, Human/surgery , Free Tissue Flaps/surgery
10.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 48(6): 519-523, Nov-Dec/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703144

ABSTRACT

Objective: To study the insertion of the pectoralis major tendon to the humerus, through knowledge of its dimensions in the coronal and sagittal planes. Methods: Twenty shoulders from 10 cadavers were dissected and the pectoralis major tendon insertion on the humerus was identified and isolated. The dimensions of its "footprint" (proximal to distal and medial to lateral borders) and the distance from the top edge of the pectoralis major tendon to apex of the humeral head structures were measured. Results: The average proximal to distal border length was 80.8 mm (range: 70 -90) and the medial-to-lateral border length was 6.1 mm (5 -7). The average distance (and range) from the apex of the pectoralis major tendon to the humeral head was 59.3 mm. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the insertion of the pectoralis major tendon is laminar, and the pectoralis major tendon has an average footprint height and width of 80.8 mm and 6.1 mm, respectively. .


Objetivo: Estudar a inserção do tendão do peitoral maior no úmero, por meio do conhecimento de suas dimensões nos planos coronal e sagital. Métodos: Foram dissecados 20 ombros de dez cadáveres frescos (cinco homens e cinco mulheres). Todos os cadáveres encontravam-se em bom estado, sem cicatrizes ou sinais de trauma prévios. Fez-se o estudo por meio da via deltopeitoral estendida e foi identificada e isolada a inserção do tendão do peitoral maior no úmero. Mensuraram-se as dimensões do footprint por meio das aferições com um paquímetro milimetrado, de seus limites de proximal para distal e medial para lateral. Foi aferida a distância da borda superior do tendão do peitoral maior ao ápice da cabeça umeral. Resultados: Em todos os cadáveres o peitoral maior apresentou uma inserção única. O comprimento médio de proximal para distal foi de 80,8 mm (70-90) e de lateral para medial de 6,1mm (5-7). Já a distância média do ápice do tendão do peitoral maior ao ápice da cabeça umeral foi de 59,3 mm (55-64). Conclusões: O tendão do músculo peitoral maior apresenta inserção laminar. O footprint tem a altura e a largura média de 80,8 mm e 6,1 mm, respectivamente. .


Subject(s)
Cadaver , Pectoralis Muscles/anatomy & histology , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery
11.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-686319

ABSTRACT

La ruptura del pectoral mayor es poco común y ocurre más frecuentemente en la práctica deportiva, relacionada con la contracción excéntrica con el hombro en abducción y rotación externa. Su rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento nos brindará mejores resultados. La resonancia magnética nuclear es el principal estudio. La elección de la terapia (quirúrgica o no) a utilizar estará relacionada con el tipo de lesión; según su ubicación, cronicidad de la misma y función muscular.


Subject(s)
Adult , Shoulder Joint/surgery , Shoulder Joint/injuries , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Tendon Injuries/surgery , Tendon Injuries/diagnosis , Athletic Injuries/surgery , Acute Disease , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Rupture , Tendon Injuries/classification
12.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 27(3): 428-434, jul.-set. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668144

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A mamoplastia de aumento é um dos procedimentos mais realizados em cirurgia plástica no Brasil e no mundo. Existem duas localizações principais para o implante: o plano subpeitoral ou submuscular e o plano subglandular. O objetivo deste trabalho é defender o uso do plano subpeitoral em casos de hipomastia. MÉTODO: Dezesseis pacientes foram submetidas a aumento da mama entre 2008 e 2011. Utilizou-se o plano submuscular em 9 pacientes e o plano subglandular em 7. Miotomia do músculo grande peitoral foi realizada em todos os casos de localização submuscular. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 5 casos de pré e pós-operatório de pacientes submetidas a mamoplastia de aumento. Verificaram-se melhores resultados utilizando-se o plano submuscular para as pacientes com hipomastia acentuada. A miotomia do músculo peitoral provou ser fundamental para o sucesso da cirurgia, pois conferiu à loja submuscular o espaço necessário para abrigar o implante mamário, sem submetê-lo à pressão causada pela contração do músculo. CONCLUSÕES: O uso adequado do plano submuscular em pacientes com hipomastia é seguro, facilita o rastreamento de câncer de mama, não altera a função muscular, protege o parênquima mamário e garante resultados mais naturais e duradouros.


BACKGROUND: Breast augmentation is one of the most common plastic surgery procedures in Brazil and worldwide. There are 2 main locations for the implant: the subpectoral or submuscular plane and subglandular plane. The objective of the current study was to indicate the efficacy of the use of the subpectoral plane in cases of hypomastia. METHODS: Sixteen patients underwent breast augmentation between 2008 and 2011; the submuscular and subglandular planes were used in 9 and 7 patients, respectively. Myotomy of the pectoralis major muscle was performed in all cases where the submuscular plane was used. RESULTS: The pre- and postoperative aspects of 5 cases of patients undergoing breast augmentation are presented. Better results were obtained using the submuscular plane for patients with severe hypomastia. Myotomy of the pectoralis proved critical to the success of the surgery, because it provided the submuscular pocket required to house the breast implant without subjecting it to the pressure caused by muscle contraction. CONCLUSIONS: The proper use of the submuscular plane in patients with hypomastia is safe, facilitates cancer screening, does not alter muscle function, protects the breast parenchyma, and ensures more natural and long-term results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Pectoralis Muscles , Surgery, Plastic , Breast , Mammaplasty , Breast Implantation , Parenchymal Tissue , Myotomy , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Breast/surgery , Mammaplasty/methods , Breast Implantation/methods , Parenchymal Tissue/surgery , Myotomy/methods
13.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 26(3): 472-480, July-Sept. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-608207

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Immediate or delayed breast reconstruction with tissue expanders can be performed in one or several surgical sessions. We opted to perform breast reconstruction over several sessions. The aim of this study was to report our experiences with the breast reconstruction technique involving Becker permanent tissue expanders and complete expander coverage with a flap comprising the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, and rectus abdominis aponeurosis. METHODS: The medical records of 21 patients who underwent postmastectomy breast reconstruction with Becker permanent tissue expanders were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: During muscle flap preparation, the aponeurotic dissection was performed 6-8 cm below the inframammary crease, aiming at full expander coverage without tension, enabling lower suturing in the inframammary crease, and avoiding disruption of the pectoralis major attachments. Only two patients developed infection, one in the first postoperative week and the other in the third postoperative month. CONCLUSIONS: The flap comprising the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, and rectus abdominis aponeurosis is a good choice for breast reconstruction with permanent tissue expanders because it ensures adequate expander and skin-flap protection. Moreover, the technique enables tissue expansion without confining the expanders in the submuscular cavity.


INTRODUÇÃO: As reconstruções de mama imediatas ou tardias com uso de expansores podem ocorrer em um ou mais de um tempo cirúrgico. Optou-se por reconstruções em mais de um tempo cirúrgico, com expansores definitivos tipo Becker. Este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar a utilização da técnica de reconstrução mamária com expansor definitivo tipo Becker, com retalho dos músculos peitoral maior e menor, serrátil anterior e aponeurose do músculo reto abdominal para cobertura completa do expansor. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, por meio de análise de prontuário, incluindo 21 pacientes submetidas a reconstrução mamária com expansor permanente. RESULTADOS: Na confecção do retalho muscular, é necessária a realização de dissecção abaixo do sulco submamário definido no pré-operatório, com o propósito de cobertura total do material aloplástico usado na reconstrução, englobando a aponeurose do músculo reto abdominal, 6 cm a 8 cm abaixo do sulco submamário, evitando-se lesão de sua continuidade com o músculo peitoral maior. Neste estudo, duas pacientes apresentaram infecção, uma delas na primeira semana de pós-operatório e a outra, no terceiro mês. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização do retalho dos músculos peitoral maior e menor, serrátil anterior e bainha do músculo reto abdominal é uma boa opção nas reconstruções mamárias com utilização de expansor definitivo de tecidos, visto que promove proteção adequada ao expansor e aos retalhos cutâneos que se posicionam sobre ele. Além disso, a técnica permite expansão tecidual, sem que os expansores fiquem encarcerados ou presos à loja muscular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , History, 21st Century , Pectoralis Muscles , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , Tissue Expansion Devices , Medical Records , Surveys and Questionnaires , Retrospective Studies , Mammaplasty , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Dissection , Free Tissue Flaps , Mastectomy , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Breast/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Tissue Expansion Devices/adverse effects , Tissue Expansion Devices/standards , Medical Records/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Mammaplasty/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Dissection/methods , Free Tissue Flaps/surgery , Mastectomy/methods
14.
Clinics ; 66(2): 313-320, 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-581520

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle appears to be increasing in athletes. However, the optimal treatment strategy has not yet been established. OBJECTIVES: To compare the isokinetic shoulder performance after surgical treatment to that after non-surgical treatment for pectoralis major muscle rupture. METHODS: We assessed 33 pectoralis major muscle ruptures (18 treated non-surgically and 15 treated surgically). Horizontal abduction and adduction as well as external and internal rotation at 60 and 120 degrees/s were tested in both upper limbs. Peak torque, total work, contralateral deficiency, and the peak torque agonist-to-antagonist ratio were measured. RESULTS: Contralateral muscular deficiency did not differ between the surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities. However, the surgical group presented twice the number of athletes with clinically acceptable contralateral deficiency (<20 percent) for internal rotators compared to the non-surgical group. The peak torque ratio between the external and internal rotator muscles revealed a similar deficit of the external rotation in both groups and on both sides (surgical, 61.60 percent and 57.80 percent and non-surgical, 62.06 percent and 54.06 percent, for the dominant and non-dominant sides, respectively). The peak torque ratio revealed that the horizontal adduction muscles on the injured side showed similar weakness in both groups (surgical, 86.27 percent; non-surgical, 98.61 percent). CONCLUSIONS: This study included the largest single series of athletes reported to date for this type of injury. A comparative analysis of muscular strength and balance showed no differences between the treatment modalities for pectoralis major muscle rupture. However, the number of significant clinical deficiencies was lower in the surgical group than in the non-surgical group, and both treatment modalities require greater attention to the rehabilitation process, especially for the recovery of muscle strength and balance.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Muscle Strength/physiology , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Shoulder Joint/physiology , Pectoralis Muscles/injuries , Pectoralis Muscles/physiology , Rupture/rehabilitation , Rupture/surgery , Torque
15.
Professional Medical Journal-Quarterly [The]. 2011; 18 (2): 310-315
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-124022

ABSTRACT

The pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicle flap [PMMPF] has been considered to be the "workhorse" of pedicled flaps in head and neck reconstruction. Despite the use of free flaps, this flap is still considered the mainstay of head and neck reconstruction. The flap is usually associated with a high incidence of complications compared with the free fasciocutaneous flaps yet its size, viability, and versatility make it a valuable tool for extending the limits of resectability and reconstruction. It is type V muscle flap with the dominant vascular supply from the pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery. To share our experience of pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicle flap in selected cases of head and neck reconstruction. The indications, type of reconstruction and complications of the flap utilization were evaluated. Between March 2005 and August 2010, a 37 head and neck reconstructive procedures using the PMMPF were carried out. The indications for the flap use were defects due to resection of stage II-IV cancer in the head and neck region. The site, stage of the disease and the postoperative complications were all documented. Pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicled flap reconstructions were used to reconstruct defects in the following sites: oral cavity [25 patients]; oropharynx/ hypopharynx, [7 patients]; and neck or face [5 patients]. Of the 37 PMMPF reconstructions, 30 flaps were carried out as primary reconstructive procedures, whereas 7 flaps were "salvage" procedures. Twentyfive patients [67.59%] had complications. A higher complication rates were associated with the utilization of the flap as a salvage procedure, number of co- morbidities, and in oral cavity reconstructions. The pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicled flap is still an acceptable method of head and neck reconstruction. It is fast, reliable, provides safe repair and is indicated especially where bulk is needed


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Surgical Flaps , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures
16.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-649092

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Reportamos el caso de una patología infrecuente, paciente de 30 años, con avulsión completa del pectoral mayor izquierdo, que sufre 10 años después, avulsión completa contralateral. Ambas avulsiones completas fueron tratadas quirúrgicamente con reinserción anatómica de la lesión logrando el paciente retornar a su actividad deportiva previa


Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Shoulder Joint/surgery , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Pectoralis Muscles/injuries , Tendon Injuries/surgery , Tendon Injuries/diagnosis , Athletic Injuries , Rupture
17.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 25(3): 484-489, jul.-set. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574314

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os retalhos miocutâneos representam uma importante arma com que conta o cirurgião plástico quando se depara com grandes defeitos a serem cobertos após ressecção de tumores. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar a incidência de complicações com o uso de retalhos miocutâneos de músculo peitoral maior para reconstrução em cirurgia oncológica, em especial de cabeça e pescoço. Método: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo. Foram estudados pacientes operados por lesões malignas de cabeça e pescoço,nos quais se usou a técnica em discussão. Resultados: Foram avaliados 116 pacientes operados no período entre março de 1994 e julho de 2009. Houve 2 perdas totais de retalho,14 perdas parciais e formação de 17 fístulas. Conclusão: A incidência de complicações foi relativamente alta, o que relacionamos com o avançado estádio de doença dos pacientes operados e estado nutricional dos mesmos, além do porte das cirurgias. Apesar disso, os autores consideram o retalho miocutâneo de músculo peitoral maior um grande aliado parao cirurgião plástico que trabalha em reconstrução de cabeça e pescoço.


Introduction: The myocutaneous flap is an important tool on which the plastic surgeon relies when handling major defects after tumors resection. Purpose: The objective of this study is reporting the incidence of post-operative complications with myocutaneous flap of pectoralis muscle for repairs in oncologic surgery, especially head and neck. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed. Patients with head and neck malignancies submitted to this technique were studied. Results: Between March/1994 and July/2009, 116 patients submitted to oncologic surgery were evaluated. There were 2 total flap losses, 14 partial flap losses and 17 fistulas. Conclusion: The incidence of surgical complications was relatively high, what we believe to be linked with the advanced oncologic disease stage in our population, their nutritional condition and the nature of the surgery. Despite that, the authors consider that the myocutaneous flap of pectoralis muscle is a good choice for plastic surgeons working in head and neck reconstruction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Head/surgery , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Medical Oncology , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Neck/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Wounds and Injuries , Methods , Patients , Methods
18.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 25(1): 141-152, jan.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-590869

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O retalho dermolipoglandular mamário de pedículo torácico tem sido frequentemente utilizado em diversas técnicas de mamoplastia. Objetivo: Avaliar radiologicamente a influênciado retalho bipediculado de músculo peitoral maior na sustentação do retalho dermolipoglandular após mamoplastia vertical, bem como analisar o padrão de movimentação dos retalhos. Método: Vinte e uma pacientes foram operadas, tendo o retalho mamário marcado com 3 clipes de titânio: superior, medial e lateral. As pacientes foram aleatoriamente divididas em dois grupos: (C), com cinta muscular (10 pacientes); e (S), sem cinta muscular (11 pacientes). A avaliação radiológica foi realizada medindo-se a distância vertical e horizontal de cada clipe a um ponto de referência clavicular e linha média do tórax anterior, respectivamente. Resultados: Quanto ao padrão de movimentação vertical (queda), os clipes apresentaram queda inicial com estabilização da altura no grupo C e queda progressiva no grupo S (p<0,05). Quanto aos padrões de movimentação horizontal (lateralização), os clipes do grupo C apresentaram menor grau de lateralização do retalho em relação ao grupo S em alguns tempos analisados (p<0,05). Conclusão: Este estudo sugere um padrão de movimentação inferior e lateral dos retalhos mamários, observando-se forte tendência da cinta muscular peitoral fornecer sustentação ao retalho dermolipoglandular.


Background: Chest wall-based dermolipoglandular flap of the breast has been frequently used in mammaplasties. Aim: Radiologically evaluate the influence of pectoralis major muscle bipedicle flap in the suspension of mammary flap after a vertical mammaplasty, as well as study the movement pattern of these flaps. Methods: Twenty-one female patients were operated and had the mammary flap marked with 3 titanium clips: superiorly, medially and laterally. The patients were randomly located in two groups: (C), with the muscular sling(10 patients); and (S), without any muscular sling (11 patients). Radiological evaluation consisted in measuring the vertical and horizontal distance of each clip, from a clavicular point of reference and from the anterior chest wall midline, respectively. Results: Regarding to vertical changes in clip position (descent), the clips on group C showed initial descent with stabilization of their height on group C and continuous descent on group S (p<0.05). The horizontal pattern of movement (lateralization) evidenced less lateralization of the flap on group C compared to group S in several times of evaluation (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study suggests an inferior and lateral pattern of movement of the mammary flaps, and the pectoralis muscle sling tends to offer support to the dermolipoglandular flap.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Breast/surgery , Mammaplasty/methods , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Methods , Patients , Technology, Radiologic/methods
20.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(3): 715-718, sept. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-598927

ABSTRACT

The anatomical variation of the major pectoral muscles is infrequent, namely the agenesis of the pectoralis major muscle due to the morpho-functional alterations it causes. On the other hand, he presence of -supernumerary - pectoral muscles is not common and its physiological, clinical or surgical importance will depend on the stage of its development. The important aspect is that these muscles, while crossing the anterior wall of the axila and inserting in the humerus, may confuse or difficult surgical access to the content of the axillary fossa. Pectoralis tertius muscles were found in two dissected cadavers at the Topographic Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. These muscles were bilateral and independent of the pectoralis major muscle. They originated in the external face of the sixth rib and adjacent regions, and inserted in the coracoid process, the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus, or next to the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle, contributing to the formation of the anterior wall of the axila. The supernumerary muscles crossing the axillary region, whether in an arched form or elongated as the pectoralis tertius muscles, may confuse the surgeon at the entrance of the axila. In view of the above, it is always necessary to consider the possible existence of this type of anatomical variation.


La variación del músculo pectoral mayor es frecuente, siendo la agenesia de este músculo causante de alteraciones morfofuncionales. Por otro lado, la presencia de un músculo pectoral supernumerario no es común y su importancia fisiológica, clínica o quirúrgica va a depender del estado de su desarrollo. Los importancia de estos músculos radica en que ellos cruzan la pared anterior de la axila y se insertan en el húmero, lo que puede confundir o dificultar el acceso quirúrgico al contenido de la fosa axilar. Músculos pectorales terceros fueron encontrados en dos cadáveres disecados en la Facultad de Medicina de Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. Estos músculos eran bilaterales e independientes del músculo pectoral mayor. Ellos se originaban en la cara externa de la sexta costilla y regiones adyacentes y se insertaban en el proceso coracoides, cresta del tubérculo mayor del húmero o próximo a la inserción del músculo pectoral mayor, contribuyendo a la formación de la pared anterior de la axila. Los músculos supernumerarios que cruzan la región axilar, ya sea en una forma arqueada o alargada como los músculos pectorales terceros, pueden confundir al cirujano en la entrada a la axila. En vista de lo anterior, siempre es necesario considerar la posible existencia de este tipo de variaciones anatómicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Pectoralis Muscles/anatomy & histology , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Pectoralis Muscles/growth & development , Anatomy, Regional , Axilla/anatomy & histology , Axilla/pathology
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